I noticed that @randhindi's content has been wildly shared by @zama_fhe recently, and I couldn't help but take a look! This time, Zama's achievements are not just about performance improvements, but a paradigm shift in the entire FHE field. Bootstrapping has always been the biggest bottleneck for FHE, reduced from 53ms to 0.9ms. The TPS for privacy transactions can now rival mainstream public chains, and even exceed them. When cutting-edge cryptography meets hardware optimization, speeds that were once thought impossible can actually be achieved. GPUs are just the beginning; if dedicated chips can truly be developed in the future, tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of TPS could be possible! What inspires us is that privacy no longer means sacrificing performance. Future payments, stablecoins, and cross-border transfers can completely achieve both speed and confidentiality. Currently, small-scale scenarios like payments are increasingly being applied, progressing...
Today we reached a massive milestone at @zama_fhe : bootstrapping in less than 1 milliseconds. Bootstrapping in FHE allows “cleaning” the noise in encrypted data, and is responsible for the vast majority of the computation time. Thus, the faster bootstrapping gets, the more confidential transactions per second the Zama Protocol can process. We achieved this after years of research on efficiently using GPUs for FHE. The results are MINDBLOWING: Boostrapping latency: - 2021: 53 ms - today: 0.9 ms - speedup: 56x When applied to integers arithmetics, the results are even more insane: 64 bit encrypted addition latency: - 2022: 2,000 ms - today: 8.7 ms - speedup: 230x 64 bit encrypted multiplication latency: - 2022: 13,000 ms - today: 32 ms - speedup: 400x To understand what this means in practice, lets look at confidential stablecoin transfers: - 2022: 0.1 tps - today: 230 tps FHE is now FASTER than Ethereum and most L2s! And it’s only a matter of months before we can reach 1000...
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