Keep in mind that FHE / MPC protocols also have a long road ahead before they can be widely adopted. I estimate that another $0.5–$1 billion in R&D spending will be required before they become practical for certain use cases.
The path to commercialization is a narrow one - balancing technical capabilities, integration challenges, and the economics of each use case.
The recent attack on SGX effectively marks the end of distributed confidential computing using TEEs. While the attack itself isn’t particularly surprising, Intel’s response - that the threat model lies outside its scope - essentially removes any future assurance of improvement. Pure cryptographic approaches, such as those based on Multi-Party Computation or Fully Homomorphic Encryption, remain the only acceptable choices for distributed ledgers, where anyone can run a node and thus has physical access.
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